PEMS-on board and E3 Modeling: A Comparison between Real-World Measurement and Emissions Estimates from Construction Equipment
:
https://doi.org/10.9744/ced.21.2.59-65Abstract
Vehicles in construction industry are typically powered by diesel engines and are considered to be an off-road source of air pollution. Air pollutant emissions include nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO). Any engine that combusts a nonrenewable carbonaceous fuel will have net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). Economic-Energy-Environmental (E3) model, a statistical-modeled tool, is developed by combining a multiple linear regression (MLR) approach for modeling equipment productivity with the emissions calculation algorithm from Environment Protection Agency (EPA)’s NONROAD model. This paper compares emissions data between the field data to E3 model outputs, and determines the similarity of the two sources of fuel use data. It is expected the two data are not narrowly similar since the field data are for individual vehicles, while E3 results are based on NONROAD model, which was intended to estimate average fuel use for a fleet of Heavy-Duty Diesel (HDD) equipment.
References
Sandanayake, M., Zhang, G., Setunge, S., and Thomas, C.M., Environmental Emissions of Construction Equipment usage in Pile Foundation Construction Process-A Case Study, Pro-ceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015, pp. 327-339.
Waris, M., Liew, M. ., Khamidi, M.F., and Idrus, A., Criteria for the Selection of Sustainable Onsite Construction Equipment, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 3(1), 2014, pp. 96-110.
Fu, M., Ge, Y., Tan, J., Zeng, T., and Liang, B., Characteristics of Typical Non-Road Machinery Emissions in China by using Portable Emission Measurement System, Science of the Total Environment, 437, 2012, pp. 255-261.
Abanda, F.H., Tah, J.H.M., and Cheung, F.K.T., Mathematical Modelling of Embodied Energy, Greenhouse Gases, Waste, Time-Cost Parameters of Building Projects: A Review, Building and Environment, 59, 2013, pp. 23-37.
Lewis, P., Rasdorf, W., Frey, H., and Leming, M., Effects of Engine Idling on National Ambient Air Quality Standards Criteria Pollutant Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Construction Equipment. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2270), 2012, pp. 67-75.
Kim, B.S. and Jang, W.S., A Study on Comparing the CO2 Emission Estimating Result for Construction Equipment, Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 33(4), 2013, pp. 1675-1682.
Wang, T., Lee, I.S., Kendall, A., Harvey, J., Lee, E.B., and Kim, C., Life Cycle Energy Consumption and GHG Emission from Pavement Rehabilitation with Different Rolling Resistance, Journal of Cleaner Production, 33, 2012, pp. 86-96.
Hong, J., Shen, G.Q., Peng, Y., Feng, Y., and Mao, C., Uncertainty Analysis for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Building Construction Phase: A Case Study in China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 129, 2016, pp. 183-195.
Heidari, B. and Marr, L.C., Real-time Emissions from Construction Equipment Compared with Model Predictions, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 65(2), 2015, pp. 115-125.
Kousoulidou, M., Fontaras, G., Ntziachristos, L., Bonnel, P., Samaras, Z., and Dilara, P., Use of Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) for the Development and Validation of Passenger Car Emission Factors, Atmospheric Environment, 64, 2013, pp. 329-338.
Lindgren, M., Arrhenius, K., Larsson, G., Bäfver, L., Arvidsson, H., Wetterberg, C., and Rosell, L., Analysis of Unregulated Emissions from an Off-Road Diesel Engine During Realistic Work Operations, Atmospheric Environment, 45(30), 2011, pp. 5394-5398.
Sandhu, G. and Frey, H., Effects of Errors on Vehicle Emission Rates from Portable Emissions Measurement Systems, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2340), 2013, pp. 10-19.
Hajji, A.M. and Lewis, P., Development of Productivity-Based Estimating Tool for Energy and Air Emissions from Earthwork Construction Activities, Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(1), 2013, pp. 84-100.
Hajji, A.M., Estimating the Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides (Nox) and Particulate Matter (PM) From Diesel Construction Equipment by using the Productivity Model, World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 10(3), 2013, pp. 212-228.
Hajji, A.M., The Use of Construction Equipment Productivity Rate Model for Estimating Fuel Use and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions, Case Study: Bulldozer, Excavator and Dump Truck, International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 8(2), 2015, pp. 111-121.
Frey, H.C., Rasdorf, W., Kim, K., Pang, S.H., Lewis, P., and Abolhassani, S., Real-World Duty Cycles and Utilization for Construction Equipment in North Carolina, Raleigh, NC: Dept. of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 2008.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain the copyright and publishing right, and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) followingthe publication of the article, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).