Assessment and Strengthening of Bolted Connections in the Mandomai Bowstring Bridge Constructed with Ulin Wood
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9744/ced.28.1.101-110Keywords:
Bolted connection, Mandomai, pedestrian bridge, retrofit design, structural testing, Ulin woodAbstract
This study assessed and proposed a retrofit strategy for bolted timber connections in the Mandomai pedestrian bridge, constructed from Ulin wood (Eusideroxylon zwageri). Numerical modeling, analytical evaluation using Eurocode 5 yield equations, and experimental validation were conducted. Axial forces from a global Midas Civil model under a 1.25 kN/m² live load showed three critical connections (S11, S13, S14) with demand-capacity ratios (DCR) exceeding 1.0. A retrofit using steel side plates and ASTM A325 bolts reduced DCRs to 0.79, 1.02, and 0.70, respectively. Experimental testing of limited full-scale double-shear wood-to-wood joints demonstrated an average ultimate capacity of 191 kN, which was 57.65% higher than the theoretical prediction, indicating the conservative nature of Eurocode 5 and the contribution of mechanisms such as the rope effect and frictional interlock. The results confirmed the retrofit’s effectiveness and highlighted the need to refine design provisions for dense tropical hardwoods.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Shafira Khairunnisa Subchan, Ali Awaludin, Miqdad Khosyi Akbar, Radika Gandi Tama, Angga Fajar Setiawan, Angga Trisna Yudhistira, Inggar Septhia Irawati, Andreas Triwiyono
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