Experimental Study on the Hysteretic Behavior of Tempered Steel Helical Dampers
Downloads
Structural mitigation is a key strategy for reducing earthquake-induced property damage and casualties. Among various mitigation measures, dampers are widely used to enhance structural energy dissipation. This study proposes a heat-treated steel helical spring damper to improve damping performance. The dampers were fabricated from mild reinforcing steel bars with diameters of 6, 10, and 12 mm and different numbers of coils. An annealing process was applied to reduce the steel yield strength. The specimens were subjected to displacement-controlled sinusoidal cyclic loading to evaluate stiffness, strength, energy dissipation, and equivalent viscous damping ratio (EVDR). The results showed that reducing yield strength through annealing increased the EVDR by approximately 2.6%. Furthermore, larger coil diameters provided higher load-carrying capacity and greater energy dissipation. Conversely, increasing the number of coils reduced energy dissipation because of lower stiffness and larger yielding displacements within the applied loading range.
Aghlara, R., Tahir, M.M., and Adnan, A., Comparative Study of Eight Metallic Yielding Dampers, Jurnal Teknologi, 77(16), 2015, pp. 119–125, doi: 10.11113/jt.v77.6408.
Suswanto, B., Ghifari, F., Triwulan, T., Sugihardjo, H., and Pangestuti, P.A., Performance Analysis of Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF) using Metallic Yielding Damper (MYD) with Hysteretic Steel Damper (HSD) Type, Civil Engineering Dimension, 27(1), 2025, pp. 1–11, doi: 10.9744/ced.27.1.1-11.
Tanaka, K. and Sasaki, Y., Hysteretic Performance of Shear Panel Dampers of Ultra Low-Yield-Strength Steel for Seismic Response Control of Buildings, Journal of Fujita Technical Research Institute, 2000, pp. 1–8.
Xu, L.Y., Nie, X., and Fan, J.S., Cyclic Behaviour of Low-Yield-Point Steel Shear Panel Dampers, Engineering Structures, 126, 2016, pp. 391–404, doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.08.002.
Xu, L.Y., Tao, M.X., Nie, X., Fan, J.S., and Taciroglu, E., Modeling Techniques for Strain-Range-Dependent Hardening Behavior of Low-Yield-Point Steel Shear Panel Dampers, Journal of Structural Engineering, 143(12), 2017, p. 04017172, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001896.
Emilidardi, A.M., Fajar, A.S., Awaludin, A., Satyarno, I., and Sunarso, M., Numerical Model of Finned Tubular Shear Panel Damper for Multi-direction Seismic Excitation, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sustainable Civil Engineering Structures and Construction Materials, Singapore, 2022, pp. 751–766, doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-7924-7_49.
Awaludin, A., Setiawan, A.F., Satyarno, I., Shuanglan, W., and Haroki, Y., Finite Element Analysis of Bi-directional Shear Panel Damper with Square Hollow Section under Monotonic Loading, Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum, 8, 2022, pp. 157–168, doi: 10.22146/jcef.3842.
Emilidardi, A.M., Awaludin, A., Triwoyono, A., Setiawan, A.F., Satyarno, I., and Santoso, A.K., Seismic Performance Enhancement of a PCI-Girder Bridge Pier with Shear Panel Damper Plus Gap Numerical Simulation, Earthquakes and Structures, 27(1), 2024, pp. 69–82, doi: 10.12989/eas.2024.27.1.069.
He, H., Wang, X., and Zhang, X., Energy-Dissipation Performance of Combined Low Yield Point Steel Plate Damper Based on Topology Optimization and Its Application in Structural Control, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2016, 2016, doi: 10.1155/2016/5654619.
Haroki, Y., Awaludin, A., Priyosulistyo, H., Setiawan, A.F., and Satyarno, I., Seismic Performance Comparison of Simply Supported Hollow Slab on Pile Group Structure with Different Operational Category and Shear Panel Damper Application, Civil Engineering Dimension, 25(1), 2023, pp. 10–19, doi: 10.9744/ced.25.1.10-19.
Setiawan, A.F. and Takahashi, Y., A High Seismic Performance Concept of Integrated Bridge Pier With Triple RC Columns Accompanied by Friction Damper Plus Gap, Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Series A1 (Structural Engineering and Earthquake Engineering), 74(4), 2018, pp. I_131–I_147, doi: 10.2208/jscejseee.74.i_131.
Becker, T.C., Advanced Modeling of the Performance of Structures Supported on Triple Friction Pendulum Bearings, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2011.
Becker, T.C., Bao, Y., and Mahin, S.A., Extreme Behavior in a Triple Friction Pendulum Isolated Frame, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 46(15), 2017, pp. 2683–2698, doi: 10.1002/eqe.2924.
Chang, K.C., Soong, T.T., Lai, M.L., and Nielsen, E.J., Viscoelastic Dampers as Energy Dissipation Devices for Seismic Applications, Earthquake Spectra, 9(3), 1993, pp. 371–387, doi: 10.1193/1.1585721.
Hansu, O. and Güneyisi, E., Comparison of Novel Seismic Protection Devices to Attenuate the Earthquake Induced Energy, Actuators, 10, 2021.
Cho, S.G., Furuya, O., and Kurabayashi, H., Enhancement of Seismic Resilience of Piping Systems in Nuclear Power Plants Using Steel Coil Damper, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 350, 2019, pp. 147–157, doi: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.05.006.
Chang, S. and Cho, S.G., An Intelligent Process to Estimate the Nonlinear Behaviors of an Elasto-Plastic Steel Coil Damper Using Artificial Neural Networks, Actuators, 11(1), 2022, doi: 10.3390/act11010009.
Thelning, K.E., Steel and Its Heat Treatment, Butterworth, 1966.
Dieter, G.E., Mechanical Metallurgy, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, USA, 1976.
Rasouli, D., Khameneh Asl, S., Akbarzadeh, A., and Daneshi, G.H., Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Microalloyed Forging Steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 206(1–3), 2008, pp. 92–98, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.12.006.
Equbal, M.I., Alam, P., Ohdar, R., Anand, K.A., and Alam, M.S., Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel, International Journal of Metallurgical Engineering, 5(2), 2016, pp. 21–24, doi: 10.5923/j.ijmee.20160502.01.
Tukur, S.A., Usman, M.M., Muhammad, I., and Sulaiman, N.A., Effect of Tempering Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 9(15), 2014, p. 15, doi: 10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V9P350.
Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Fan, H., and Feng, K., Effects of Tempering Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of G18NiMoCr3-6, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 493(1), 2019, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/493/1/012141.
Türedi, G.B., Özdemir, U., Murathan, Ö.F., and Kilicli, V., Effect of Tempering Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 9254 Steel, International Conference on Material Science and Technology in Cappadocia (IMSTEC’16), April 6-8, 2016, Nevsehir, Turkey.
Huang, B., Lv, H., and Song, Y., Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of a Simplified Force-Displacement Relationship in Superelastic SMA Helical Springs, Sensors, 19(1), 2018, p. 50, doi: 10.3390/s19010050.
Liang, C. and Rogers, C., One-Dimensional Thermomechanical Constitutive Relations for Shape Memory Materials, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 1990.
Budynas, R.G. and Nisbett, J.K., Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design, McGraw-Hill Education, 2008.
Shen, H., Zhang, R., Weng, D., Gao, C., Luo, H., and Pan, C., Simple Design Method of Structure with Metallic Yielding Dampers Based on Elastic–Plastic Response Reduction Curve, Engineering Structures, 150, 2017, pp. 98–114, doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.07.047.
Copyright (c) 2026 Melania Anggita Harkristuti, Henricus Priyosulistyo, Angga Fajar Setiawan, Andika Monanta Emilidardi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain the copyright and publishing right, and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) followingthe publication of the article, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
