A Hybrid Failure Mode and Effects Analysis–Decision Tree Framework for Integrated Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment: A Case in Military Building Construction
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Occupational health and safety in military construction projects face unique challenges due to security restrictions that complicate safety oversight and limit emergency response capabilities. While Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) effectively identifies construction risks, it lacks structured decision-making for selecting optimal mitigation strategies. Existing frameworks focus on risk identification but provide limited guidance for cost-effective mitigation under resource and security constraints. This study develops the first integrated FMEA-Decision Tree framework specifically adapted for military construction environments, demonstrated through the Military Command Building A project. Six experienced stakeholders evaluated 28 construction activities, identifying six dominant risks with Risk Priority Number (RPN) values exceeding 150. The integrated methodology achieved significant RPN reductions ranging from 53.58 to 80.83 points, transitioning all critical risks from "Very High" to "High" categories. External validation through Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control (HIRADC) confirmed consistent hazard identification. This pioneering approach demonstrates considerable potential for improving safety management in high-security construction contexts.
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